Citizenship Education Textbooks
Analysis of Chinese and Taiwanese citizenship education textbooks, percentage of textbook dedicated to a subject area.
| Main Categories | Sub-categories | China | Taiwan |
|---|---|---|---|
| Self-oriented values or personal virtues | General personal well-being | 1.91 | 0.34 |
| Intellect and cognitive strengths: love of learning, curiosity, creativity, critical thinking/judgement, respect truth and reasoning, knowledgeable, rationality, science, logic and technology, problem-solving, decision-making | 7.42 | 6.44 | |
| Spiritual: faith & higher purposes about the meaning of life | 1.8 | 0 | |
| Emotional: hope and optimism, zest, courage | 4.34 | 1.36 | |
| Competence/effectiveness: diligence, efficiency, perseverance, decisiveness, prudence, independence, prompt, concentration, realism, leadership, progressive, adventure, acquisitive of opportunity, time-management, self-determination or foresightedness, confidence | 14.3 | 3.05 | |
| Other | 2.86 | 5.43 | |
| Subtotal | 40.15 | 18.65 | |
| Small group-oriented or interpersonal morality | General values towards others: kindness/ benevolence, respect others, tolerance, empathy, sincerity, modesty, courtesy, broad-mindedness, generosity, altruism, helpfulness, harmony, cooperativeness, communicate, conflict resolution, trust | 11.76 | 16.95 |
| Kinship: familial love, parent-child, marital, sibling, and relatives | 2.12 | 4.41 | |
| Teachers/elders: respect and obedience | 0.42 | 0.68 | |
| Friendship, neighborhood, small groups and class | 1.88 | 2.04 | |
| Section total | 16.21 | 24.08 | |
| Society-oriented values | General political ideas concerning human rights: equality, liberty, justice, peace, human rights, respect, and values cultural diversities | 1.91 | 5.76 |
| Social order: observation of social norms or laws/law-abiding behaviors | 5.61 | 5.75 | |
| Social responsibilities: social consciousness and willingness to serve/volunteering, active involvement in public affairs, for public good/public spiritedness | 5.19 | 6.78 | |
| Local community or native place | 0.74 | 1.02 | |
| Proper exercise of rights, eliminate oppression and deprivation, defending justice and protection of the rights of the underprivileged | 3.5 | 5.08 | |
| Gender | 0.64 | 1.69 | |
| Consumer ethics | 0.32 | 1.02 | |
| Media ethics | 0.11 | 0.34 | |
| School | 0.64 | 1.02 | |
| Labor habits or work ethics | 1.38 | 1.69 | |
| Solidarity and social cohesiveness | 0.21 | 0.34 | |
| Economic values: entrepreneurship | 0.42 | 0.34 | |
| Others: adoption to society | 1.17 | 2.37 | |
| Section total | 21.95 | 33.21 | |
| Nation-oriented values | Patriotism: loyalty to, love and support for country & national security, achievement & prosperity; readiness to protect one’s country or make contributions, help enhance country’s greatness and glory | 6.99 | 2.03 |
| Love one’s fellow nationals/people | 1.38 | 0.34 | |
| Fond of national history and culture | 1.69 | 3.39 | |
| Recognition/admiration of government’s work, support the authority, or adoration of particular political ideologies | 3.07 | 0 | |
| Democracy: participation in public affairs, critic of the state, discernment/deliberativeness, election, monitoring the government | 3.07 | 9.83 | |
| Others | 0.32 | 0 | |
| Section total | 16.52 | 15.59 | |
| International-oriented values | Global concern and betterment of human kind: world perspective and international issues, Cosmopolitanism | 0.85 | 1.69 |
| Interdependence/mutual cooperation | 0.32 | 0.34 | |
| Appreciation of foreign cultures/recognition of cultural diversities | 0.42 | 1.02 | |
| Environmental conservation/substantial development/ecological morality | 2.54 | 5.08 | |
| Others | 0.32 | 0 | |
| Section total | 4.45 | 8.13 | |
| Other | 0.75 | 0.34 | |
Data in this table is from "Discourses of citizenship compared: Junior high school knowledge in Mainland China and Taiwan" in Issues and Studies Volume 50, Issue 1 from 2014. I’ve abridged the data a little bit, and corrected an error where the data in 2 cells were swapped.